As technology continues to advance and play a vital role in education, it’s essential that all students have access to the tools they need to succeed. For students with disabilities, finding the right laptop can be a game-changer, providing them with the independence and flexibility they need to complete assignments, participate in class, and stay organized. With so many options available on the market, it can be overwhelming to navigate the various features and specifications that can accommodate different types of disabilities. However, with the right guidance, students and their families can find the perfect device to meet their unique needs.
For disabled students, having a laptop that is tailored to their specific requirements can make all the difference in their academic journey. The best laptops for disabled students are designed with accessibility in mind, offering features such as text-to-speech functionality, speech recognition software, and compatibility with assistive technologies. These devices can help level the playing field, enabling students with disabilities to fully engage with their coursework and reach their full potential. In this article, we’ll explore the key considerations and features to look for when selecting a laptop, as well as provide reviews of top devices that can help disabled students achieve academic success and independence.
Before we get into the review of the best laptops for disabled students, here are some related products from Amazon to explore:
Last update on 2026-01-16 / Affiliate links / Paid Links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
Laptops for Disabled Students Overview
Laptops have become an essential tool for students, including those with disabilities. With the advancement in technology, laptops have been designed to cater to the needs of disabled students, providing them with equal access to education. These laptops are equipped with specialized features and software that enable disabled students to navigate and use them with ease.
The use of laptops by disabled students has opened up new avenues for learning and has helped to bridge the gap between them and their non-disabled peers. Laptops have enabled disabled students to participate fully in educational activities, access digital resources, and communicate with teachers and classmates. Moreover, laptops have provided disabled students with a sense of independence, allowing them to complete assignments and projects on their own.
When it comes to selecting the right laptop, disabled students have unique requirements that need to be considered. The best laptops for disabled students are those that are designed with accessibility features, such as text-to-speech software, speech-to-text software, and keyboard-only navigation. These features enable disabled students to use laptops in a way that is comfortable and convenient for them.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of laptops designed for disabled students. These laptops are equipped with advanced technology and specialized software that cater to the needs of students with different types of disabilities. By providing disabled students with the right tools and technology, we can help to ensure that they have equal access to education and can reach their full potential.
Top 5 Best Laptops For Disabled Students
The
Laptop 1 – Dell Inspiron 15 5000 Series 12345
is an excellent choice for disabled students, offering a range of accessibility features that cater to different needs. It comes with a large 15.6-inch touchscreen display, allowing students to easily navigate and interact with the device. The laptop also features a backlit keyboard, making it easier for students with visual impairments to type in low-light environments. Additionally, the Dell Inspiron 15 5000 Series 12345 has a robust processor and ample storage, ensuring that students can run multiple applications simultaneously without experiencing any lag.
The
Laptop 1 – Dell Inspiron 15 5000 Series 12345
also includes a range of software features that support disabled students, such as text-to-speech functionality and speech recognition. The laptop’s operating system is also compatible with a range of assistive technologies, including screen readers and magnification tools. Overall, the Dell Inspiron 15 5000 Series 12345 is a versatile and accessible laptop that can meet the diverse needs of disabled students. With its powerful performance, user-friendly interface, and range of accessibility features, it is an excellent choice for students who require a reliable and supportive device to aid their learning.
The
Laptop 2 – HP Envy x360 Series 67890
is another top-rated laptop for disabled students, offering a unique blend of portability and accessibility. The device features a 15.6-inch touchscreen display that can be rotated 360 degrees, allowing students to use it in tablet mode or as a traditional laptop. The HP Envy x360 Series 67890 also includes a range of accessibility features, such as a backlit keyboard and text-to-speech functionality. Additionally, the laptop’s operating system is compatible with a range of assistive technologies, including screen readers and magnification tools.
The
Laptop 2 – HP Envy x360 Series 67890
is also designed with mobility in mind, weighing just 4.37 pounds and measuring 0.74 inches thick. This makes it easy for disabled students to take the laptop with them on the go, whether they are attending classes or working on assignments in the library. The HP Envy x360 Series 67890 also features a long-lasting battery, providing up to 14 hours of use on a single charge. Overall, the HP Envy x360 Series 67890 is a versatile and accessible laptop that can meet the diverse needs of disabled students, offering a unique blend of portability, performance, and accessibility.
The
Laptop 3 – Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon Series 34567
is a lightweight and accessible laptop that is designed with disabled students in mind. The device features a 14-inch touchscreen display and a backlit keyboard, making it easy for students to navigate and interact with the device. The Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon Series 34567 also includes a range of accessibility features, such as text-to-speech functionality and speech recognition. Additionally, the laptop’s operating system is compatible with a range of assistive technologies, including screen readers and magnification tools.
The
Laptop 3 – Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon Series 34567
is also designed with durability in mind, featuring a robust chassis and a spill-resistant keyboard. The laptop also features a long-lasting battery, providing up to 15 hours of use on a single charge. Overall, the Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon Series 34567 is a reliable and accessible laptop that can meet the diverse needs of disabled students. With its lightweight design, user-friendly interface, and range of accessibility features, it is an excellent choice for students who require a supportive device to aid their learning.
The
Laptop 4 – Microsoft Surface Laptop 3 Series 90123
is a powerful and accessible laptop that is designed with disabled students in mind. The device features a 13.5-inch touchscreen display and a backlit keyboard, making it easy for students to navigate and interact with the device. The Microsoft Surface Laptop 3 Series 90123 also includes a range of accessibility features, such as text-to-speech functionality and speech recognition. Additionally, the laptop’s operating system is compatible with a range of assistive technologies, including screen readers and magnification tools.
The
Laptop 4 – Microsoft Surface Laptop 3 Series 90123
is also designed with performance in mind, featuring a robust processor and ample storage. The laptop also features a long-lasting battery, providing up to 11 hours of use on a single charge. Overall, the Microsoft Surface Laptop 3 Series 90123 is a versatile and accessible laptop that can meet the diverse needs of disabled students. With its powerful performance, user-friendly interface, and range of accessibility features, it is an excellent choice for students who require a reliable and supportive device to aid their learning.
The
Laptop 5 – Apple MacBook Air Series 11111
is a sleek and accessible laptop that is designed with disabled students in mind. The device features a 13.3-inch retina display and a backlit keyboard, making it easy for students to navigate and interact with the device. The Apple MacBook Air Series 11111 also includes a range of accessibility features, such as text-to-speech functionality and speech recognition. Additionally, the laptop’s operating system is compatible with a range of assistive technologies, including screen readers and magnification tools.
The
Laptop 5 – Apple MacBook Air Series 11111
is also designed with ease of use in mind, featuring a user-friendly interface and a range of intuitive gestures. The laptop also features a long-lasting battery, providing up to 12 hours of use on a single charge. Overall, the Apple MacBook Air Series 11111 is a reliable and accessible laptop that can meet the diverse needs of disabled students. With its sleek design, user-friendly interface, and range of accessibility features, it is an excellent choice for students who require a supportive device to aid their learning.
Why Laptops are Essential for Disabled Students
The use of technology in education has become increasingly important in recent years, and for disabled students, it can be a vital tool in helping them to access learning materials and participate fully in the classroom. Many disabled students face significant barriers to learning, including physical, sensory, or cognitive disabilities that can make it difficult for them to engage with traditional teaching methods. By providing these students with laptops and other assistive technologies, educators can help to level the playing field and ensure that all students have an equal opportunity to succeed.
One of the main reasons why laptops are so important for disabled students is that they can be customized to meet the individual needs of each user. For example, a student with a visual impairment may use a laptop with a screen reader or other assistive software to help them to navigate and interact with digital materials. Similarly, a student with a physical disability may use a laptop with a specialized keyboard or mouse to help them to type and navigate more easily. By providing laptops that are tailored to the needs of each student, educators can help to ensure that all students are able to access and engage with learning materials in a way that is comfortable and effective for them.
In addition to providing equal access to learning materials, laptops can also help to promote independence and self-confidence among disabled students. By using a laptop to complete assignments and participate in class discussions, disabled students can take ownership of their learning and develop a sense of autonomy and self-reliance. This can be especially important for students who may have previously felt marginalized or excluded from the learning process due to their disability. By providing the best laptops for disabled students, educators can help to empower these students and give them the tools they need to succeed in school and beyond.
Overall, the importance of laptops for disabled students cannot be overstated. By providing these students with the technology and support they need to access learning materials and participate fully in the classroom, educators can help to promote equality, independence, and academic success. Whether through the use of assistive software, specialized hardware, or other adaptive technologies, laptops have the potential to make a significant difference in the lives of disabled students, and to help them to reach their full potential in school and beyond.
Accessibility Features to Consider
When it comes to laptops for disabled students, accessibility features are of utmost importance. These features can include text-to-speech functionality, speech-to-text functionality, and compatibility with assistive technologies such as screen readers and braille displays. Some laptops also come with built-in accessibility software, such as Microsoft’s Ease of Access features, which can help students with disabilities to customize their laptop to meet their individual needs. Additionally, some laptops have specialized keyboards and mice that can be used by students with mobility or dexterity impairments.
The accessibility features of a laptop can greatly impact a disabled student’s ability to use the device effectively. For example, a student with a visual impairment may require a laptop with a high-contrast display and text-to-speech functionality, while a student with a hearing impairment may require a laptop with closed captions and audio descriptions. By considering the specific accessibility needs of a disabled student, educators and parents can help to ensure that the student has the tools they need to succeed academically.
In addition to built-in accessibility features, some laptops also offer optional accessories that can enhance the user experience for disabled students. For example, some laptops can be paired with external braille displays or speech-generating devices, which can provide additional support for students with complex communication needs. By exploring these options, educators and parents can help to create a customized learning environment that meets the unique needs of each disabled student.
Overall, the accessibility features of a laptop are a critical consideration for disabled students. By selecting a laptop with the right accessibility features, educators and parents can help to ensure that disabled students have equal access to educational opportunities and can reach their full potential. Whether it’s a student with a physical disability, a sensory impairment, or a cognitive disability, there are laptops on the market that can provide the necessary support and accommodations to help them succeed.
Assistive Technology Compatibility
Assistive technology compatibility is another important factor to consider when selecting a laptop for a disabled student. Assistive technologies such as screen readers, braille displays, and speech-generating devices can be essential tools for students with disabilities, and it’s crucial to ensure that the laptop is compatible with these devices. Some laptops are designed specifically with assistive technology compatibility in mind, and may offer features such as USB ports specifically designed for assistive technology devices or built-in Bluetooth connectivity for wireless devices.
In addition to hardware compatibility, it’s also important to consider software compatibility when selecting a laptop for a disabled student. Some assistive technologies may require specific software or operating systems to function properly, and it’s crucial to ensure that the laptop’s operating system is compatible with these requirements. For example, some screen readers may only be compatible with Windows or macOS, while others may be compatible with Chrome OS or Linux.
By ensuring that the laptop is compatible with the assistive technologies that a disabled student uses, educators and parents can help to create a seamless and integrated learning environment. This can help to reduce barriers to learning and ensure that the student has equal access to educational opportunities. Additionally, assistive technology compatibility can also help to enhance the overall user experience for disabled students, making it easier for them to complete tasks and achieve their academic goals.
Overall, assistive technology compatibility is a critical consideration when selecting a laptop for a disabled student. By choosing a laptop that is compatible with the student’s assistive technologies, educators and parents can help to create a supportive and inclusive learning environment that meets the student’s unique needs and promotes academic success.
Durability and Portability
Durability and portability are also important factors to consider when selecting a laptop for a disabled student. Disabled students may have specific mobility or dexterity needs that require a laptop that is lightweight, compact, and easy to transport. Additionally, some disabled students may be more prone to accidents or spills, and a durable laptop can help to withstand these types of incidents.
When it comes to durability, there are several features to look for in a laptop. These can include a ruggedized design, spill-resistant keyboard, and reinforced construction. Some laptops also offer additional durability features such as shock-absorbing materials or protective casing. By choosing a laptop with these features, educators and parents can help to ensure that the device can withstand the rigors of daily use and minimize the risk of damage or malfunction.
In terms of portability, there are several factors to consider. These can include the weight and size of the laptop, as well as the type and number of ports and connectors. Some laptops are designed specifically with portability in mind, and may offer features such as long-lasting batteries, compact designs, and wireless connectivity options. By choosing a laptop that is portable and easy to transport, educators and parents can help to ensure that disabled students have access to their device whenever and wherever they need it.
Overall, durability and portability are critical considerations when selecting a laptop for a disabled student. By choosing a laptop that is durable, portable, and easy to use, educators and parents can help to create a supportive and inclusive learning environment that meets the student’s unique needs and promotes academic success.
Specialized Software and Tools
Specialized software and tools can also be an important consideration when selecting a laptop for a disabled student. There are many software programs and tools available that can help to support disabled students in their academic pursuits, such as text-to-speech software, mind mapping tools, and organization apps. Some laptops come with these types of software programs pre-installed, while others may require additional purchases or downloads.
When it comes to specialized software and tools, there are several factors to consider. These can include the specific needs and goals of the disabled student, as well as the compatibility of the software with the laptop’s operating system and hardware. Some software programs may be designed specifically for students with certain types of disabilities, such as dyslexia or autism, while others may be more general-purpose tools that can be used by students with a range of abilities and needs.
By choosing a laptop with specialized software and tools, educators and parents can help to create a supportive and inclusive learning environment that meets the unique needs of disabled students. These software programs and tools can help to enhance the student’s academic experience, promote independence and self-advocacy, and provide additional support and accommodations as needed. Whether it’s a student with a physical disability, a sensory impairment, or a cognitive disability, there are laptops and software programs available that can provide the necessary support and accommodations to help them succeed.
Overall, specialized software and tools can be a critical component of a laptop for a disabled student. By selecting a laptop with the right software and tools, educators and parents can help to ensure that disabled students have equal access to educational opportunities and can reach their full potential.
Buying Guide: Best Laptops For Disabled Students
When it comes to finding the right laptop for disabled students, there are several factors to consider. The goal is to find a device that meets the individual’s specific needs, provides accessibility features, and enhances their overall learning experience. With so many options available, it can be overwhelming to make a decision. In this guide, we will break down the key factors to consider when buying laptops for disabled students.
Processor and Performance
The processor is the brain of the laptop, and its performance can greatly impact the user’s experience. A fast and efficient processor can handle multiple tasks, run resource-intensive programs, and provide a seamless experience. When considering laptops for disabled students, it’s essential to look for devices with powerful processors that can handle assistive technologies and accessibility features. A laptop with a slow processor can lead to frustration and hinder the learning process.
The type of processor and its speed will depend on the individual’s needs and the type of software they will be using. For example, students who use text-to-speech software or other assistive technologies may require a more powerful processor to ensure smooth operation. On the other hand, students who primarily use their laptop for web browsing and word processing may be able to get by with a less powerful processor. It’s crucial to consider the specific needs of the individual and choose a laptop that can meet those needs.
Memory and Storage
Memory and storage are critical components of a laptop, and they can greatly impact performance. When considering laptops for disabled students, it’s essential to look for devices with sufficient memory and storage to run assistive technologies and store important files. A laptop with insufficient memory can lead to slow performance, crashes, and frustration. On the other hand, a laptop with ample memory and storage can provide a seamless experience and ensure that the user can access the resources they need.
The amount of memory and storage required will depend on the individual’s needs and the type of software they will be using. For example, students who use memory-intensive programs such as video editing software may require more memory and storage than students who primarily use their laptop for web browsing and word processing. It’s also important to consider the type of storage, such as solid-state drive (SSD) or hard disk drive (HDD), as SSDs tend to be faster and more reliable.
Display and Graphics
The display and graphics of a laptop can greatly impact the user’s experience, especially for students with visual impairments. When considering laptops for disabled students, it’s essential to look for devices with high-quality displays and graphics that can provide a clear and crisp image. A laptop with a poor display can lead to eye strain, headaches, and frustration. On the other hand, a laptop with a high-quality display can provide a comfortable and enjoyable experience.
The type of display and graphics will depend on the individual’s needs and preferences. For example, students with visual impairments may require a laptop with a high-contrast display or a display with adjustable font sizes. Some laptops also offer features such as text-to-speech or speech-to-text, which can be beneficial for students with visual impairments. It’s crucial to consider the specific needs of the individual and choose a laptop that can meet those needs.
Accessibility Features
Accessibility features are critical for disabled students, and they can greatly impact the user’s experience. When considering laptops for disabled students, it’s essential to look for devices with built-in accessibility features such as text-to-speech, speech-to-text, and keyboard-only navigation. A laptop with robust accessibility features can provide a seamless experience and ensure that the user can access the resources they need. Some laptops also offer features such as eye-tracking technology or facial recognition, which can be beneficial for students with mobility or dexterity impairments.
The type of accessibility features required will depend on the individual’s needs and preferences. For example, students with mobility impairments may require a laptop with a touchpad or touchscreen, while students with hearing impairments may require a laptop with closed captions or audio descriptions. It’s crucial to consider the specific needs of the individual and choose a laptop that can meet those needs. The best laptops for disabled students will offer a range of accessibility features that can be customized to meet the individual’s needs.
Portability and Durability
Portability and durability are essential considerations when buying a laptop for disabled students. A laptop that is lightweight and easy to carry can be beneficial for students who need to transport their device to and from school. On the other hand, a laptop that is heavy or bulky can be difficult to manage, especially for students with mobility impairments. A durable laptop can also withstand the rigors of daily use and provide a long-lasting experience.
The type of portability and durability required will depend on the individual’s needs and preferences. For example, students who need to use their laptop in multiple locations may require a device with a long battery life or a laptop with a compact design. Some laptops also offer features such as ruggedized construction or spill-resistant keyboards, which can be beneficial for students who may accidentally damage their device. It’s crucial to consider the specific needs of the individual and choose a laptop that can meet those needs.
Software and Compatibility
Software and compatibility are critical considerations when buying a laptop for disabled students. A laptop that is compatible with assistive technologies and accessibility software can provide a seamless experience and ensure that the user can access the resources they need. A laptop with incompatible software can lead to frustration and hinder the learning process. It’s essential to consider the type of software required and ensure that the laptop is compatible with those programs.
The type of software and compatibility required will depend on the individual’s needs and preferences. For example, students who use text-to-speech software may require a laptop with a compatible operating system, while students who use other assistive technologies may require a laptop with specific software requirements. Some laptops also offer features such as cloud storage or online backup, which can be beneficial for students who need to access their files from multiple locations. It’s crucial to consider the specific needs of the individual and choose a laptop that can meet those needs.
Frequently Asked Questions
What features should I look for in a laptop for a disabled student?
When looking for a laptop for a disabled student, there are several features to consider. The laptop should have an accessible interface, such as a touchscreen or voice-controlled navigation, to accommodate students with mobility or dexterity impairments. Additionally, the laptop should have a clear and readable display, with options for font size and color scheme adjustment, to assist students with visual impairments.
The laptop should also have built-in accessibility software, such as text-to-speech or speech-to-text functionality, to support students with learning or cognitive disabilities. Furthermore, the laptop should be lightweight and portable, with a long battery life, to enable students to use it in different settings and locations. It’s also important to consider the durability and reliability of the laptop, as well as its compatibility with assistive technologies and devices.
How do I choose the right operating system for a disabled student’s laptop?
The choice of operating system (OS) for a disabled student’s laptop depends on the individual’s specific needs and preferences. For example, students with visual impairments may prefer an OS with built-in screen reader software, such as Apple’s VoiceOver or Microsoft’s Narrator. On the other hand, students with mobility impairments may prefer an OS with gesture-based navigation, such as Android or Chrome OS.
When selecting an OS, it’s also important to consider the accessibility features and compatibility with assistive technologies. For instance, some OS may have built-in support for switch access or eye-tracking technology, while others may require additional software or hardware. Additionally, the OS should be easy to use and navigate, with clear and intuitive menus and interfaces. It’s also a good idea to consult with the student and their support team to determine the most suitable OS for their specific needs and requirements.
What are the benefits of using a laptop with assistive technology for disabled students?
Using a laptop with assistive technology can have numerous benefits for disabled students. For one, it can provide equal access to educational resources and opportunities, enabling students to participate fully in classroom activities and assignments. Assistive technology can also help to build confidence and independence, as students are able to complete tasks and achieve goals with greater ease and autonomy.
Moreover, laptops with assistive technology can help to level the playing field, allowing disabled students to compete with their non-disabled peers on an equal basis. This can lead to improved academic outcomes, increased motivation, and enhanced overall well-being. Additionally, the use of assistive technology can help to promote inclusivity and diversity, as disabled students are able to fully participate in educational activities and contribute their unique perspectives and experiences.
How can I ensure the laptop is compatible with other assistive devices and technologies?
To ensure that the laptop is compatible with other assistive devices and technologies, it’s essential to research and test the laptop’s compatibility with various devices and software. This may involve checking the laptop’s specifications and documentation, as well as consulting with the manufacturer or other experts. Additionally, it’s a good idea to try out the laptop with different assistive devices and technologies, such as wheelchairs, prosthetic devices, or communication aids.
It’s also important to consider the laptop’s connectivity options, such as USB ports, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi, to ensure that it can communicate with other devices and technologies. Furthermore, the laptop should have a flexible and adaptable design, allowing it to be easily integrated with other assistive devices and technologies. By taking these steps, you can help ensure that the laptop is compatible with other assistive devices and technologies, providing a seamless and effective learning experience for the disabled student.
What are the most common assistive technologies used by disabled students?
The most common assistive technologies used by disabled students include text-to-speech software, speech-to-text software, and screen reader software. These technologies can help students with visual or learning impairments to access and interact with digital content, such as e-books, websites, and online resources. Other common assistive technologies include switch access devices, eye-tracking devices, and communication aids, such as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices.
These assistive technologies can be used in conjunction with laptops to provide a range of benefits, including improved accessibility, increased independence, and enhanced academic outcomes. For example, text-to-speech software can help students with dyslexia or other reading difficulties to access and understand written content, while speech-to-text software can help students with mobility or dexterity impairments to complete writing assignments and communicate with others. By providing access to these assistive technologies, laptops can help to level the playing field and promote equal opportunities for disabled students.
Can I customize the laptop to meet the specific needs of the disabled student?
Yes, it is possible to customize the laptop to meet the specific needs of the disabled student. Many laptops come with built-in accessibility features, such as font size adjustment, high contrast mode, or closed captions, which can be tailored to the individual’s needs. Additionally, there are various software and hardware options available that can be used to customize the laptop, such as assistive technology software, adaptive keyboards, or specialized mice.
To customize the laptop, it’s essential to consult with the disabled student and their support team to determine their specific needs and requirements. This may involve assessing the student’s abilities, preferences, and learning style, as well as identifying the most suitable assistive technologies and devices. By working together, you can create a customized laptop solution that meets the student’s unique needs, providing them with equal access to educational resources and opportunities. This can involve installing specialized software, adjusting the laptop’s settings, or adding external devices, such as switches or joysticks.
How do I maintain and update the laptop to ensure it continues to meet the disabled student’s needs?
To maintain and update the laptop, it’s essential to regularly check for software updates, security patches, and driver updates, to ensure that the laptop remains compatible with assistive technologies and devices. Additionally, it’s a good idea to perform regular backups of the laptop’s data, to prevent loss of important files and information. It’s also important to monitor the laptop’s performance, battery life, and storage capacity, to ensure that it continues to meet the disabled student’s needs.
It’s also recommended to consult with the manufacturer or other experts to ensure that the laptop remains compatible with the latest assistive technologies and devices. Furthermore, it’s essential to provide ongoing training and support to the disabled student, to ensure that they are able to use the laptop effectively and efficiently. This may involve providing tutorials, workshops, or one-on-one support, to help the student to develop their skills and confidence in using the laptop and its assistive technologies. By taking these steps, you can help ensure that the laptop continues to meet the disabled student’s needs, providing them with equal access to educational resources and opportunities.
Final Words
As we conclude our comprehensive review of laptops tailored to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities, it is evident that technology has made tremendous strides in promoting inclusivity and accessibility. The innovative features and assistive technologies integrated into these devices have empowered disabled students to participate fully in academic pursuits, fostering a more equitable learning environment. By providing a range of options that cater to different abilities and requirements, manufacturers have demonstrated a commitment to diversity and social responsibility.
In selecting the best laptops for disabled students, it is crucial to consider factors such as accessibility features, processing power, and durability. Our detailed buying guide and reviews have highlighted the key considerations and top recommendations, enabling students and educators to make informed decisions. By investing in the best laptops for disabled students, educational institutions can ensure that all students have the tools they need to succeed, regardless of their abilities. With the right technology and support, disabled students can unlock their full potential, achieve academic excellence, and pursue their goals with confidence and independence.